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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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| Olivia, Susan; Gibson, John; Smith, Aaron D.; Rozelle, Scott; Deng, Xiangzheng. |
| Poverty maps provide information on the spatial distribution of welfare and can predict poverty levels for small geographic units like counties and townships. Typically regression methods are used to estimate coefficients from the detailed information in household surveys, which are then applied to the more extensive coverage of a census. One problem with standard regression techniques is that they do not take into account the ‗spatial dependencies‘ that often exist in the data. Ignoring spatial autocorrelation in the regression providing the coefficient estimates could lead to misleading predictions of poverty, and estimates of standard errors. Household survey data usually lack exact measures of location so it is not possible to fully account for this... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: China; Poverty; Small Area Estimation; Survey Methods; Spatial Models. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47651 |
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| Gibson, John. |
| Several recent papers report a puzzling pattern of food demand falling as household size rises at constant per capita expenditure, especially in poorer countries. This pattern is contrary to a widely used model of scale economics. This paper exploits within-country differences in household survey methods and interviewer practices to provide a measurement error interpretation of this puzzle. A comparison of household surveys in Cambodia and Indonesia with the results from Monte Carlo experiments suggest that food expenditure estimates from shorter, less detailed recall surveys have measurement errors that are correlated with household size. These correlated measurement errors contribute to the negative effect of household size on food demand and cause... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Economies of scale; Household surveys; Measurement error; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22198 |
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| Olivia, Susan; Gibson, John. |
| The proper design of price interventions requires consideration of equity and efficiency effects. In this paper, budget survey data from 29,000 Indonesian households are used to estimate a demand system for five energy sources, which is identified by the spatial variation in unit values (expenditures divided by quantities). We correct for the various quality and measurement error biases that result when unit values are used as proxies for market prices. The price elasticities are combined with tax and subsidy rates to calculate the marginal social cost of price changes for each item. The results suggest that even at high levels of inequality aversion there is a strong case for reducing the large subsidies on gasoline and kerosene, supporting the reforms... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Demand elasticities; Energy; Fuels; Subsidies; Unit Values; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D12; Q31. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25745 |
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| Gibson, John; Rozelle, Scott. |
| This paper seeks further evidence on the elasticity of calorie demand with respect to household resources. The case presented is for urban areas of Papua New Guinea, where just over one-half of the population appear to obtain less than the recommended amount of dietary energy. The relationship between per capita calorie consumption and per capita expenditure in urban areas of Papua New Guinea is not consistent with the view that income changes have negligible effects on nutrient intakes. The unconditional calorie demand elasticity is approximately 0.6 for the poorest half of the population, most of whom have less than the recommended 2000 calories per day available to them. Using parametric and semiparametric estimation to control for a wide range of other... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11961 |
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| Gibson, John. |
| Rapid urbanization is a major cause of structural change in food demand. In West Africa, urbanization is associated with a switch from coarse grains to rice and wheat, in Melanesia the switch is from root crops to rice and wheat, while in much of Asia the switch is away from cereals (and within cereals to wheat). Although reasons why urban diets differ from traditional rural diets are well known, the rate at which recent arrivals from the countryside switch their diet has not been estimated. Evidence on the speed of this dietary change can help to show whether studies of urban food demand need to control for cohort effects and may also help producers forecast the size of their future urban markets. This paper uses cross-sectional household survey data from... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Migration; Urbanization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; O15. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123806 |
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| Gibson, John. |
| Rapid urbanization is a major cause of structural change in food demand. In West Africa, urbanization is associated with a switch from coarse grains to rice and wheat, in Melanesia the switch is from root crops to rice and wheat, while in much of Asia the switch is away from cereals (and within cereals to wheat). Although reasons why urban diets differ from traditional rural diets are well known, the rate at which recent arrivals from the countryside switch their diet has not been estimated. Evidence on the speed of this dietary change can help to show whether studies of urban food demand need to control for cohort effects and may also help producers forecast the size of their future urban markets. This paper uses cross-sectional household survey data from... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Migration; Urbanization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; O15. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123806 |
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| Gibson, John; Huang, Jikun; Rozelle, Scott. |
| In urban China the Household Income and Expenditure Survey requires respondents to keep a daily expenditure diary for a full 12-month period. This onerous reporting task makes it difficult to recruit households into the survey, compromising the representative nature of the sample. In this article we use data on the monthly expenditures of households from two urban areas of China to see if data collection short-cuts, such as extrapolating to annual totals from expenditure reports in only some months of the year, would harm the accuracy of annual expenditure, inequality and poverty estimates. Our results show that replacing 12-month diaries with simple extrapolations from either one, two, four or six months would cause a sharp increase in estimates of annual... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11989 |
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| Gibson, John; Rozelle, Scott. |
| Discrimination in the allocation of goods between boys and girls within households in Papua New Guinea is examined using Deatons (1989) outlay-equivalent ratio method. Adding a boy to the household reduces expenditure on adult goods by as much as would a nine-tenths reduction in total outlay per member, but girls have no effect on adult goods expenditure. The hypothesis of Haddad and Reardon (1993) that gender bias is inversely related to the importance of female labour in agricultural production is not supported. There is no evidence of bias against girls in the urban sector. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11990 |
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| Gibson, John; McKenzie, David; Rohorua, Halahingano; Stillman, Steven. |
| Migration of workers from developing to developed countries and the resulting remittance flows are important development policies. World Bank calculations show that restrictions on international migration have larger welfare costs than the more widely studied restrictions on international trade. But estimated gains from migration may be affected by selection bias, with differences in outcomes for migrants and non-migrants reflecting unobserved differences in ability, skills, and motivation, rather than the act of moving itself. This poster illustrates this selection bias in commonly used statistical corrections for nonrandom selection. A unique survey conducted by the authors of Tongan migrants in New Zealand, and of non-migrants in Tonga is used. New... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Migration; Selection; Natural Experiment; Labor and Human Capital; 015; J61; F22; C93. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25704 |
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| Gibson, John; Rozelle, Scott. |
| In this paper, our overall goal is to understand how effective access to infrastructure is in reducing poverty in PNG. To meet this goal, we examine poverty in PNG, and seek to show the relationship between poverty and access to infrastructure and then identify the determinants of poverty. In our analysis, we test whether or not access to infrastructure is a significant factor in a household's poverty status. Finally, we want to understand what policies will be effective in overcoming poverty in PNG. Our results show that poverty in PNG is primarily rural and is associated with those in communities with poor access to services, markets, and transportation. Our simulations illustrate that improving access to school leads to large declines in poverty.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11944 |
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| Gibson, John; McKenzie, David. |
| Seasonal work programs are increasingly advocated by international aid agencies as a way of enabling both developed and developing countries to benefit from migration. They are argued to provide workers with new skills and allow them to send remittances home, without the receiving country having to worry about long-term assimilation and the source country worrying about permanent loss of skills. However, formal evidence as to the development impact of seasonal worker programs is nonexistent. This paper provides the first such evaluation, studying New Zealand's new Recognized Seasonal Employer (RSE) program which allows Pacific Island migrants to work in horticulture and viticulture in New Zealand for up to seven months per year. We use baseline and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Propensity score matching; Rural household incomes; Seasonal work programs; Labor and Human Capital; J61; O15. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50101 |
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| Gibson, John. |
| Policy makers in Papua New Guinea want to increase rice self-sufficiency. Food security has been cited as a reason, because the recent fall in the world price for tree crops causes rice imports to make a larger call on scarce export earnings. Analysis of the long run trend in the terms of trade between rice and tree crops suggests that rice self-sufficiency will not produce a sensible allocation of resources. The falling relative price of rice makes it is more efficient to devote resources to expansion of exports, particularly cocoa and coffee, in order to import rice. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12404 |
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| Olivia, Susan; Gibson, John. |
| There is growing interest in the rural non-farm sector in developing countries as a contributor to economic growth, employment generation, livelihood diversification and poverty reduction. Access to infrastructure is identified in some studies as a factor that affects non-farm rural employment and income but less attention has been paid to the constraints imposed by poor quality infrastructure. In this paper we use data from 4000 households in rural Indonesia to show that the quality of two key types of infrastructure – roads and electricity – affects both employment in and income from non-farm enterprises. It appears that there would be gains from development strategies that improve both the access to and the quality of rural infrastructure. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Infrastructure; Non-farm employment; Indonesia; Public Economics; H54; 017. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49919 |
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| Olivia, Susan; Gibson, John. |
| Indonesia is an emerging market for beef and cattle exports so estimates of income and price elasticities may help analysts predict future demands. In contrast to developed countries, where meat demand studies often use aggregate data, Indonesian studies rely on household surveys, with unit values (ratios of expenditures to quantities) used instead of market prices. Elasticities estimated from unit values can be subject to various quality and measurement error biases. In this paper, data from 29,000 households on Java are used to estimate a demand system for beef, chicken and other meat groups, and the extent of bias from commonly used estimation strategies is evaluated. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; D12; Q11. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58195 |
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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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